In a recent discovery reported by researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), a new species of horned frog has been identified in Northeast India. Initially misidentified as the Maoson horned frog (Xenophrys maosonensis), the newly described species has been named Xenophrys apatani. This dark brown frog, known for its leaf-litter dwelling habits among tea leaves and distinct small horns, was first documented in Arunachal Pradesh in 2019.

The study, conducted by scientists from ZSI’s Shillong and Pune branches, along with collaborators, emphasized the significant biodiversity contribution of the discovery to India’s herpetofauna. Genetic analysis revealed a notable genetic divergence of 4.4 to 5.5 per cent from its presumed counterpart in Vietnam, prompting a reevaluation of its classification.

The species, found within the Tale Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh, derives its name from the Apatani tribe, indigenous to the Lower Subansiri Valley where the sanctuary is located. This naming acknowledges the tribe’s efforts in wildlife conservation in the region.

While the frog currently benefits from its protected habitat, researchers caution that ongoing anthropogenic pressures could threaten its future. Further studies are planned to better understand its geographical range, population dynamics, and specific habitat needs.

The discovery underscores Northeast India’s status as a hotspot for amphibian diversity, particularly within the Xenophrys genus concentrated along the Eastern Himalayas and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots. Researchers believe that additional undocumented species, particularly smaller Xenophrys variants, may still await discovery in the region.