In a landmark step for biodiversity preservation, Himachal Pradesh has officially designated Tsarap Chu in the remote Spiti Valley as India’s largest conservation reserve. Notified on May 7, 2025, under Section 36A(1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the new reserve spans an impressive 1,585 square kilometres, making it the fifth conservation reserve in the state.

Tsarap Chu joins the ranks of Darlaghat, Naina Devi, Potter Hill, and Shilli conservation reserves. However, its vast geographical spread and ecological significance make it a standout addition. Bordered by the Union Territory of Ladakh to the north, the Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary to the east, Kabjima Nala to the south, and the Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary to the west, Tsarap Chu forms a critical ecological bridge in the high-altitude Trans-Himalayan region.

The reserve lies at the confluence of the Unam River and Charap Nala and serves as the catchment area of the Charap Nala. It is also a vital wildlife corridor that connects Kibber and Chandratal sanctuaries, thereby supporting the movement and genetic diversity of various high-altitude species. Its strategic location and unique topography make it a prime habitat for several rare and endangered species.

Most notably, Tsarap Chu is recognised as a key snow leopard habitat. The elusive snow leopard, often referred to as the “ghost of the mountains,” thrives in this cold desert landscape, typically at elevations ranging from 3,000 to 5,000 metres. The relatively high density of snow leopards in the region is a strong indicator of a healthy ecosystem. Alongside the snow leopard, the area supports other iconic species such as the Tibetan wolf, Himalayan ibex, bharal (blue sheep), Tibetan argali, and kiang (wild ass). The skies are equally vibrant with rare avian species including the Rose Finch, Tibetan Raven, and Yellow-billed Chough.

The declaration of Tsarap Chu as a conservation reserve follows extensive grassroots-level efforts, including consultations with local Gram Panchayats and thorough analysis of field surveys and historical data. The move is expected to foster sustainable livelihoods in the region through eco-tourism, wildlife research, trekking, and nature photography, all while maintaining a strong focus on conservation.

Management of the reserve will be undertaken by a Conservation Reserve Management Committee, which will include representatives from local Panchayats. This participatory model aims to ensure a balance between wildlife conservation goals and the socio-economic interests of the resident communities.

With the creation of the Tsarap Chu Conservation Reserve, Himachal Pradesh has reaffirmed its commitment to community-based conservation. This initiative is anticipated to enhance local involvement in preserving fragile ecosystems, while also drawing national and international attention to one of the most ecologically rich regions of India.